{"id":237138,"date":"2025-08-10T16:00:15","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T14:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/?p=237138"},"modified":"2025-08-10T14:22:20","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T12:22:20","slug":"villa-josephine-baker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/insolite\/lieux-insolites\/villa-josephine-baker\/","title":{"rendered":"Cette villa aux portes de Paris a accueilli une ic\u00f4ne panth\u00e9onis\u00e9e et son gu\u00e9pard"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Au c\u0153ur des <strong>Yvelines<\/strong>, une villa au charme tranquille garde le souvenir de quelques-unes des plus belles ann\u00e9es parisiennes\u2026 de <strong>Jos\u00e9phine Baker<\/strong>. C\u2019est dans ce havre de paix aujourd\u2019hui r\u00e9nov\u00e9, que l\u2019artiste et militante entr\u00e9e au <strong>Panth\u00e9on en 2021<\/strong> a v\u00e9cu avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, entour\u00e9e de ses animaux exotiques.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Un havre de paix pour la star du music-hall<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" style=\"background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);\" data-instgrm-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/73Pg97NaUL\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\">\n<div style=\"padding: 16px;\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding: 19% 0;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding-top: 8px;\">\n<div style=\"color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;\">Voir cette publication sur Instagram<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\">\n<div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 8px;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: auto;\">\n<div style=\"width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;\"><a style=\"color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/73Pg97NaUL\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Une publication partag\u00e9e par Monsieur__Charles (@monsieur__charles)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>On vous a d\u00e9j\u00e0 parl\u00e9 du superbe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/insolite\/lieux-insolites\/chateau-des-milandes\/\"><strong>ch\u00e2teau des Milandes<\/strong><\/a> en Dordogne, o\u00f9 Jos\u00e9phine Baker a accueilli sa \u201ctribu arc-en-ciel\u201d et v\u00e9cut ses jours les plus heureux avec cette grande famille.\u00a0 Mais plus pr\u00e8s de la capitale, au <strong>V\u00e9sinet<\/strong> (78), une autre demeure garde la m\u00e9moire de la grande artiste de music-hall, danseuse, chanteuse et r\u00e9sistante : la <strong>villa Beau Ch\u00eane<\/strong>. Construite par l\u2019architecte v\u00e9sigondin <strong>Louis Gibert<\/strong> entre 1890 et 1891, elle d\u00e9ploie avec \u00e9l\u00e9gance pas moins de 826 m\u00b2 r\u00e9partis sur 18 pi\u00e8ces, au c\u0153ur d\u2019un <strong>parc \u00e0 l\u2019anglaise<\/strong> de plus d\u2019un hectare. C\u2019est en <strong>1928<\/strong>, \u00e2g\u00e9e de seulement 23 ans et d\u00e9j\u00e0 star internationale, que Jos\u00e9phine pose ses valises dans ce coin paisible aux portes de Paris. Elle y vit pr\u00e8s de vingt ans, jusqu\u2019en <strong>1947<\/strong>, entour\u00e9e de ses fid\u00e8les compagnons : son <strong>gu\u00e9pard domestique<\/strong> Chiquita, son <strong>chimpanz\u00e9<\/strong> Ethel, ainsi que des oiseaux color\u00e9s, cygnes, canards, chat et lapin. On s\u2019imagine avec plaisir l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re qui y r\u00e9gnait \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque, ce climat de libert\u00e9 v\u00e9cu au rythme des animaux, des fleurs, et de la musique. L\u00e0-bas, Jos\u00e9phine aimait surtout passer de longues heures dans<strong> sa serre en fer forg\u00e9<\/strong>, \u00e0 s\u2019occuper de ses plantations. M\u00eame si la demeure \u00e9tait avant tout un cocon de tranquillit\u00e9, ce cadre enchanteur \u00e9tait aussi l\u2019endroit r\u00eav\u00e9 pour organiser des <strong>r\u00e9ceptions m\u00e9morables,<\/strong> o\u00f9 se m\u00ealaient artistes et personnalit\u00e9s du monde entier.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Pendant la guerre<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" style=\"background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);\" data-instgrm-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CinrbVQLRT2\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\">\n<div style=\"padding: 16px;\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding: 19% 0;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding-top: 8px;\">\n<div style=\"color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;\">Voir cette publication sur Instagram<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\">\n<div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 8px;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: auto;\">\n<div style=\"width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;\"><a style=\"color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CinrbVQLRT2\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Une publication partag\u00e9e par Julie Larchi (@julie_larchi)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La <strong>Seconde Guerre mondiale<\/strong> vient \u00e9videmment interrompre cette vie mondaine. En <\/span>1940<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, la France est occup\u00e9e et Jos\u00e9phine Baker, engag\u00e9e dans la <\/span>R\u00e9sistance<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, s\u2019\u00e9loigne de sa villa. La demeure subit alors de lourds dommages et est en partie saccag\u00e9e par les <strong>Allemands<\/strong>. Revenue apr\u00e8s la Lib\u00e9ration, l&rsquo;artiste donne en <strong>1947<\/strong> une immense f\u00eate, dans laquelle artistes et chefs d\u2019Etats se retrouvent, avant de quitter d\u00e9finitivement la villa.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Un joyaux restaur\u00e9 pour 10 millions d\u2019euros<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_237143\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-237143\" style=\"width: 1080px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-237143 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/serre-baker-villa-paris-zigzag.jpg\" alt=\"Villa Beau Ch\u00eane @adler_dan_deferla sur INstagram\" width=\"1080\" height=\"721\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/serre-baker-villa-paris-zigzag.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/serre-baker-villa-paris-zigzag-449x300.jpg 449w, https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/serre-baker-villa-paris-zigzag-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/serre-baker-villa-paris-zigzag-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/serre-baker-villa-paris-zigzag-200x134.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/serre-baker-villa-paris-zigzag-80x53.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/serre-baker-villa-paris-zigzag-500x334.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/serre-baker-villa-paris-zigzag-700x467.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/serre-baker-villa-paris-zigzag-1000x668.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/serre-baker-villa-paris-zigzag-749x500.jpg 749w, https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/serre-baker-villa-paris-zigzag-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-237143\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Serre Villa Beau Ch\u00eane @adler_dan_deferla sur Instagram<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, le lieu garde encore la m\u00e9moire de ces belles ann\u00e9es. Dans le domaine, la serre, le magnifique jardin \u00e0 l\u2019anglaise, le kiosque \u00e0 th\u00e9 et m\u00eame la cage de Chiquita sont toujours l\u00e0\u2026 Le lieu a connu une<strong> restauration exceptionnelle<\/strong>, avec <strong>10 millions d\u2019euros investis<\/strong> pour redonner vie \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble, tout en respectant l\u2019esprit des ann\u00e9es Jos\u00e9phine. Les fa\u00e7ades ont \u00e9t\u00e9 restaur\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019identique, la toiture refaite, et l\u2019int\u00e9rieur (qui comptait douze chambres, quatre salles de bain, deux salons et une maison de gardien) a \u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8rement r\u00e9nov\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois depuis sa construction. Mise en <strong>vente pour 19,9 millions d\u2019euros,<\/strong> la demeure cherche encore preneur, et ce depuis plus de six mois. Et comme tout le monde ne peut pas s&rsquo;offrir \u00e7a, les curieux peuvent la d\u00e9couvrir \u00e0 l\u2019occasion des Journ\u00e9es du <strong>Patrimoine.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Image \u00e0 la une<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span>Villa Beau Ch\u00eane \u00a9\u00a0 @adler_dan_deferla sur Instagram<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>A lire \u00e9galement<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/insolite\/lieux-insolites\/chateau-des-milandes\/\">Savez-vous que Jos\u00e9phine Baker avait 3 amours : son pays, Paris et ce ch\u00e2teau dans le P\u00e9rigord ?<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"u-content-limited\">\n<div class=\"u-content-margin\">\n<div id=\"c-single-content-pid237072\" class=\"c-single-content c-single-content--margin\" data-pid=\"pid237072\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/insolite\/lieux-insolites\/chateau-des-milandes\/\" data-title=\"Savez-vous que Jos\u00e9phine Baker avait 3 amours : son pays, Paris et ce ch\u00e2teau dans le P\u00e9rigord ? - Savez-vous que Jos\u00e9phine Baker avait 3 amours : son pays, Paris et ce ch\u00e2teau dans le P\u00e9rigord ? \u2013 Paris ZigZag | Insolite &amp; Secret\" data-poool=\"80\" data-poool-mode=\"hide\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Au c\u0153ur des Yvelines, une villa au charme tranquille garde le souvenir de quelques-unes des plus belles ann\u00e9es parisiennes\u2026 de Jos\u00e9phine Baker. C\u2019est dans ce havre de paix aujourd\u2019hui r\u00e9nov\u00e9, que l\u2019artiste et militante entr\u00e9e au Panth\u00e9on en 2021 a v\u00e9cu avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, entour\u00e9e de ses animaux exotiques. Un havre de paix [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":88,"featured_media":237142,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_titles_title":"Cette villa aux portes de Paris a accueilli une ic\u00f4ne panth\u00e9onis\u00e9e et son gu\u00e9pard","_seopress_titles_desc":"C\u2019est dans cette villa des Yvelines que Jos\u00e9phine Baker a v\u00e9cu pendant vingt ans, entre jardin somptueux et animaux exotiques.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"Cette villa aux portes de Paris a accueilli une ic\u00f4ne panth\u00e9onis\u00e9e et son gu\u00e9pard","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"C\u2019est dans cette villa des Yvelines que Jos\u00e9phine Baker a v\u00e9cu pendant vingt ans, entre jardin somptueux et animaux exotiques.","_seopress_social_fb_img":"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/villa-baker-paris-zigzag.jpg","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1147],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-237138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lieux-insolites","ville-paris"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/88"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=237138"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":237147,"href":"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237138\/revisions\/237147"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/237142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=237138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=237138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pariszigzag.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=237138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}